Benedict de Spinoza, THE ETHICS
Page: 8

of any idea, the knowledge thereof is in God, in so far only as
he has the idea of the object.

>>>>>Proof--Whatsoever takes place in the object of any idea, its
idea is in God (by Prop. iii. of this part), not in so far as he
is infinite, but in so far as he is considered as affected by
another idea of an individual thing (by the last Prop.); but (by
Prop. vii. of this part) the order and connection of ideas is
the same as the order and connection of things. The knowledge,
therefore, of that which takes place in any individual object
will be in God, in so far only as he has the idea of that
object. Q.E.D.

X. The being of substance does not appertain to the essence of
man--in other words, substance does not constitute the actual
being (forma) of man.

>>>>>Proof--The being of substance involves necessary existence
(Part i., Prop. vii.). If, therefore, the being of substance
appertains to the essence of man, substance being granted, man
would necessarily be granted also (II. Def. ii.), and,
consequently, man would necessarily exist, which is absurd (II.
Ax. i.). Therefore &c. Q.E.D.

*****Note--This proposition may also be proved from I.v., in
which it is shown that there cannot be two substances of the
same nature; for as there may be many men, the being of
substance is not that which constitutes the actual being of man.
Again, the proposition is evident from the other properties of
substance--namely, that substance is in its nature infinite,
immutable, indivisible, &c., as anyone may see for himself.

<<<<constituted by certain modifications of the attributes of God.
For (by the last Prop.) the being of substance does not belong
to the essence of man. That essence therefore (by I. xv.) is
something which is in God, and which without God can neither be
nor be conceived, whether it be a modification (I. xxv. Cor.),
or a mode which expresses God's nature in a certain conditioned
manner.

*****Note--Everyone must surely admit, that nothing can be or be
conceived without God. All men agree that God is the one and