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Benedict de Spinoza, THE ETHICS Page: 22
xvi.) the human body itself, and as actually existing; therefore
the mind perceives thus far only the human body. Q.E.D.
XX. The idea or knowledge of the human mind is also in God,
following in God in the same manner, and being referred to God
in the same manner, as the idea or knowledge of the human body.
>>>>>Proof--Thought is an attribute of God (II. i.); therefore
(II. iii.) there must necessarily be in God the idea both of
thought itself and of all its modifications, consequently also
of the human mind (II. xi.). Further, this idea or knowledge of
the mind does not follow from God, in so far as he is infinite,
but in so far as he is affected by another idea of an individual
thing (II. ix.). But (II. vii.) the order and connection of
ideas is the same as the order and connection of causes;
therefore this idea or knowledge of the mind is in God and is
referred to God, in the same manner as the idea or knowledge of
the body. Q.E.D.
XXI. This idea of the mind is united to the mind in the same way
as the mind is united to the body.
>>>>>Proof--That the mind is united to the body we have shown
from the fact, that the body is the object of the mind (II. xii.
and xiii.); and so for the same reason the idea of the mind must
be united with its object, that is, with the mind in the same
manner as the mind is united to the body. Q.E.D.
*****Note--This proposition is comprehended much more clearly
from what we have said in the note to II. vii. We there showed
that the idea of body and body, that is, mind and body (II.
xiii.), are one and the same individual conceived now under the
attribute of thought, now under the attribute of extension;
wherefore the idea of the mind and the mind itself are one and
the same thing, which is conceived under one and the same
attribute, namely, thought. The idea of the mind, I repeat, and
the mind itself are in God by the same necessity and follow from
him from the same power of thinking. Strictly speaking, the
idea of the mind, that is, the idea of an idea, is nothing but
the distinctive quality (forma) of the idea in so far as it is
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