Benedict de Spinoza, THE ETHICS
Page: 23

conceived as a mode of thought without reference to the object;
if a man knows anything, he, by that very fact, knows that he
knows it, and at the same time knows that he knows that he knows
it, and so on to infinity. But I will treat of this hereafter.

XXII. The human mind perceives not only the modifications of the
body, but also the ideas of such modifications.

>>>>>Proof--The ideas of the ideas of modifications follow in God
in the same manner, and are referred to God in the same manner,
as the ideas of the said modifications. This is proved in the
same way as II. xx. But the ideas of the modifications of the
body are in the human mind (II. xii.), that is, in God, in so
far as he constitutes the essence of the human mind; therefore
the ideas of these ideas will be in God, in so far as he has the
knowledge or idea of the human mind, that is (II. xxi.), they
will be in the human mind itself, which therefore perceives not
only the modifications of the body, but also the ideas of such
modifications. Q.E.D.

XXIII. The mind does not know itself, except in so far as it
perceives the ideas of the modifications of the body.

>>>>>Proof--The idea or knowledge of the mind (II. xx.) follows
in God in the same manner, and is referred to God in the same
manner, as the idea or knowledge of the body. But since (II.
xix.) the human mind does not know the human body itself, that is
(II. xi. Cor.), since the knowledge of the human body is not
referred to God, in so far as he constitutes the nature of the
human mind; therefore, neither is the knowledge of the mind
referred to God, in so far as he constitutes the essence of the
human mind; therefore (by the same Cor. II. xi.), the human mind
thus far has no knowledge of itself. Further the ideas of the
modifications, whereby the body is affected, involve the nature
of the human body itself (II. xvi.), that is (II. xiii.), they
agree with the nature of the mind; wherefore the knowledge of
these ideas necessarily involves knowledge of the mind; but (by
the last Prop.) the knowledge of these ideas is in the human
mind itself; wherefore the human mind thus far only has